Curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) is a nutrient-dense leafy green that has gained popularity due to its health benefits and versatility in the kitchen. Packed with vitamins A, C, and K, as well as minerals like calcium and potassium, curly kale is a superfood that supports bone health, immune function, and overall well-being. Its high fiber content aids digestion, and its antioxidants help combat inflammation and oxidative stress.

Planting

Curly kale is a cool-season crop that thrives in temperatures between 55-75°F (13-24°C). It can be grown in spring and fall, making it an ideal choice for extending the growing season. Kale seeds can be sown directly into the garden or started indoors and transplanted later.

Soil Requirements

Kale prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, can improve soil structure and fertility. Kale can tolerate slightly acidic to neutral soil but performs best when the soil is rich in nutrients and retains moisture without becoming waterlogged.

Fertilization Requirements

Kale is a heavy feeder and benefits from regular fertilization. Incorporate a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) into the soil before planting. Throughout the growing season, side-dress with compost or apply a liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks to ensure continuous growth. Organic fertilizers like fish emulsion or seaweed extract are excellent choices for providing essential nutrients without chemical additives.

When to Plant

For a spring crop, sow seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date. Transplant seedlings outdoors 2-4 weeks before the last frost. For a fall harvest, direct sow seeds 6-8 weeks before the first expected frost. Kale can tolerate light frosts, which can even enhance its flavor.

When to Harvest

Curly kale can be harvested when the leaves reach a suitable size, typically 8-10 inches long. Begin by picking the outer leaves first, allowing the central leaves to continue growing. Harvesting can continue throughout the season as long as the plant remains healthy and vigorous. Baby kale leaves can be harvested earlier for a tender, milder flavor.

Companion Plants

Companion planting can enhance the growth and health of curly kale. Some beneficial companions include:

  • Onions and Garlic: Repel pests like aphids and cabbage worms.
  • Beans and Peas: Fix nitrogen in the soil, improving fertility for kale.
  • Herbs (Dill, Mint, Sage): Attract beneficial insects and deter pests. Avoid planting kale near other brassicas (e.g., cabbage, broccoli) to prevent the spread of diseases and pests specific to this plant family.

Pest Management

Curly kale is susceptible to several pests, including aphids, cabbage worms, and flea beetles. Implementing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies can help keep these pests under control:

  • Row Covers: Protect young plants from insects.
  • Neem Oil or Insecticidal Soap: Control aphid infestations.
  • Handpicking: Remove visible pests like cabbage worms.
  • Beneficial Insects: Encourage natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings.

Summary

Growing curly kale can be a rewarding experience, providing a bountiful harvest of nutritious greens. By understanding its planting, soil, and fertilization needs, and employing effective pest management strategies, you can ensure a healthy crop throughout the season. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a beginner, curly kale is a versatile and resilient addition to your garden that offers substantial health benefits and culinary possibilities.